IEEE EMBS MUET Student Chapter
IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology MUET Student Chapter | First chapter of EMBS in Pakistan. Introducing advancement in Biomedical Engineering.

EMBS MUET Chapter Website

EMBS MUET is the first chapter of Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBS) in Pakistan, which is introducing the latest technology of Biomedical field into Pakistan. EMBS MUET Chapter website strives to keep you updated on latest news and technical advances in the field of Engineering in Medicine and Biology.

An open letter to Prime Minister of Pakistan and Chief Minister of Sindh from Biomedical Engineers of Sindh

The Honorable Mr. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi
Prime Minister of Pakistan

Prime Minister’s Secretariat,

Islamabad

&
The Honorable Mr. Syed Syed Murad Ali Shah

Chief Minister of Sindh

Chief Minister’s Secretariat

Karachi, Sindh

 

Sirs, It is hereby informed to your good self that this letter has been penned down from the ink of Biomedical Engineers of Sindh to knock the board rooms of the higher authorities of Sindh in general and Pakistan in particular to register a case against undue employment challenges faced by us right after graduation. Your honor! It is advocated with great certainty and hope that we the Biomedical Engineers of Sindh are facing tremendous cases of joblessness and we feel betrayed and disappointed by complete failure of the Pakistan Engineering Council in addressing our grievances regarding possible short-term internship based employment prospects on contractual basis with the capacity to entertain extended long-term performance based opportunities for the possible career growth in this magnificent field promising highest gross income in the other parts of the world owing to a disciplined, corruption free and merit based human resource potential extraction mechanism.

Biomedical Engineering is considered as a top profession in the developed world owing to latest emerging technological advancements in the field of medicine and industry thanks to innovation in technology and its implementation. With increasing research prospects in this field, it is expected that Biomedical instrumentation will gain perpetual momentum that ceases to exist. Unlike other countries Pakistan is facing tribulations in health care deliver. The health system in Pakistan is currently going through several reforms at the federal and provincial level particularly to improve the delivery of health service to the population.  Although, our nation’s health care providers – surgeons, physicians, nurses, and others work hard to provide life-saving and life-improving care to millions of Pakistanis but, the level of quality and efficiency of care varies significantly across the country. With growing healthcare awareness, increase in population and greater affordability for optimized healthcare, the need for qualified Biomedical Engineers is increased in Pakistan therefore; the suitable and applicable structure is required to bridge the gap between medical technology and patient care. Currently, the status of Biomedical Engineering in Pakistan is far from satisfactory. There is not much research work in field of Biomedical Engineering in Pakistan and there is no production or manufacturing of Biomedical equipments, machines and instruments in Pakistan at a larger commercial level. For the sake of optimized healthcare facilities provision at the doorsteps for the people of Pakistan, it is extremely important to inaugurate a foolproof employment policy for the Biomedical Engineers of Pakistan and ensure its unconditional implementation so that human resource potential dealing with Biomedical equipment is available and increasing with regards to the increasing healthcare requirements.

 

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences, and NED University of Engineering and Technology offer Biomedical Engineering programs annually to produce Biomedical Engineering based work function to operate in hospitals and healthcare enters across the province however, very few of such Engineers are working as gazetted officers in the various hospitals available in the cities and villages. Approximately one hundred and fifty Biomedical Engineers graduate each year but unfortunately only a handful receives employment in the same profession.

In Pakistan, Biomedical Engineers should be employed in universities, industries, hospitals, research centers for education and medical institutions, teaching and government regulatory agencies. Government is requested to start a Biomedical Engineering Regulatory Board and recruit Biomedical Engineers for product testing and safety, besides establishing safety standards for devices. Biomedical Engineers can provide recommendation and supervision in the selection of medical equipment and they can also manage the performance of equipment on continuous basis. A well-established hospital cannot offer quality of healthcare without having Biomedical Engineering department, particularly hospitals with secondary and tertiary care, because such hospitals are full of medical equipment, instruments, devices, and machinery that can be operated, calibrated and maintained by Biomedical Engineers through appropriate catalogue.

The Govt. of the Punjab recently recruited more than one hundred and thirty Biomedical Engineers via Punjab Public Service Commission and on the contrary no such initiative has been taken by the Govt. of Sindh due to lack of leadership and strategy.

Therefore, keeping in view the current unfortunate scenario of Biomedical Engineers of Sindh province, it is appealed with great earnestly to your good office to pursue the matter most urgently and in complete order and address the issues concerning severe joblessness in the said profession. It is appealed to investigate the matter in this regard so that the grievances are heard and noticed.

This is for your kind information Sir

Thanking you in anticipation

 

Engr. Salman Abbasi

13bm12@student.muet.edu.pk

Poster Exhibition Smart Ideas in BME – Student Project Proposal – Poster Exhibition

Department of Biomedical Engineering MUET and IEEE EMBS MUET Student Chpater organized Poster Exhibition with title “Smart Ideas in BME – Student Project Proposal”.

Poster exhibition and competition held among the final year (14 Batch) students of Biomedical  Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology.

Dr. Javier Poncela from Department of Telecommunication University of Malanga, Prof. Dr. Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry, Dean FEECE, Prof. Dr. Jawaid Daudpota, Engr. N. P. Chowdhry, Chairman Department of BME, faculty members and guests visited this poster exhibition event and the students briefed the guests regarding their respective posters.

 

Workshop on LabVIEW Certification Preparation

IEEE EMBS MUET Chapter in collaboration with the Department of Biomedical Engineering, MUET organized one day Workshop on LabVIEW Certification Preparation on 10th February 2017. The prime objective of this Workshop was to fully  prepare the students for the LabVIEW certification.

  

Team from MUET participated in IEEEP Fair 2016

7th Edition of Industrial Electrical and Electronics Exhibition of Pakistan (IEEEP Fair 2016) held from 2nd to 4th August 2016 at Expo Centre, Karachi.

Final year students group photo

The 3 days mega event was inaugurated by Senior provincial minister Nisar Ahmed Khuhro, while addressing as a chief guest at the inauguration ceremony of IEEEP Fair 2016 the minister said that “such fairs not only produce opportunities for employment but also create awareness regarding the use of electronic and electric goods”. He further said: “Such exhibitions will also provide chances of progress in shape of bilateral trade contracts and relations in the field of electrical and electronics that will improve their penetrations international market.”

Meanwhile, Chairman IEEEP Engr. Asif Siddiqui said that “the country has developed its industry of electrical and electronic appliances and equipments and its projection through this fair will bode well for the emerging industry, expanding its volume locally and internationally. The chairman added that being the country’s premier electrical and electronics industry exhibition, this fair had local and international representation and cover the very latest technology of electronics, lighting, telecommunication, instrumentation and control, allied services, alternate energies and other related industries.”

Students of MUET with the award

This event reached out to a large number of people and fortunately the efforts were not futile. Delegates and companies from some 20 countries participated in the Pakistan’s largest international electrical and electronic engineering fair. They included: China, Turkey, Qatar, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Australia, Austria, United Kingdom, United States of America, Belize, Switzerland, Sri Lanka, Spain, South Korea, Singapore, Poland, Malaysia, Japan, Italy, Ireland and Germany.

Students of MUET briefing the visitors

Mehran University of Engineering and Technology also took part in the 3 days mega event. In the supervision of Engr. Partab team of students of Department of Biomedical Engineering, MUET showcased their projects;
Mind Cuber : Zainab Hanif, Mohsin Memon, Araib Ahmed 16BM
CNC Plotter & Touchless Interface: Syed Sarosh Ali Shah, Sarah Khuwaja, Mujtaba Sharif Panwhar 15BM
Breathalyzer: Ghinwa Shah 15BM
Home Automation System : Raja Rashid Ali

The guests of the event Muhammad Obaid Afzal from CWTC, Muhammad Jamal from TexiTech, Rashid Saleem from The Science Emporium, Fahad Azhar from Eco Biosciences, Musab Bin Ahmed from H. A. Shah & Sons and students from various Engineering Universities visited the stalls of students and also showed keen in the mentioned projects, everyone appreciated the efforts of students of MUET and gave very positive remarks on projects and presentation. The representatives also shared the details of their projects with participants, this played a vital role in spreading a positive impact on the audience.

Students of MUET after conclusion ceremony

Representatives of MUET were overwhelmed by the feedback from the participants. It was very positive and a huge number of professionals and students showed great interest in the projects. Representative of MUET Sarah Khuwaja said: “It was quite an informative experience regarding latest developments in electrical, electronic and Biomedical industry”.

Team from MUET participated in IEEEP Fair 2016

Team of IEEE EMBS MUET Student Chapter also attended the event along with faculty advisor Engr. N.P. Chowdhry. On this occasion students of senior batch of Biomedical Engineering, MUET dropped their CV’s and interacted with the representatives of various companies and industries.

Report Compiled By: Salman Abbasi – Chair, IEEE EMBS MUET Chapter

Customized 3D Printing Trending in Medicine

Every now & then we stumble upon news articles highlighting rave reviews on the miracles of 3D printing technology. What’s this all hype about in real sense? How does it benefit industries at large? And if it can, why have we not seen its mass production yet? Such and so many other questions might have made you to scratch your scalp several times. Worry not, here and now we explore the realms of 3D printing technology leading you to the BIG Picture!
‘Course you know that 3D stands for 3-Dimensional printing. Still, what does it print anyway?

objects

The objects that you’re seeing in the picture were all 3D printed in a layer-by-layer process. The machine (3D printer) materializes whatever concept you have in mind. There are several top-notch designing/modeling tools available like AutoCAD & Solidworks to tinker with for the purpose. Literally, you can print anything your mind is capable of conceiving. As the saying goes: the only limit is your imagination!

In a foreseeable future, 3D printing will put an end to physical labor in manufacturing, consequently generating more white-collar jobs which would be advancement indeed, if put into perspective. Not only that, even the huge trade imbalance that we witness among the nations today will also be counteracted. With 3D printers we’re able to print custom components from small-scale to larger depending upon our requirements. Thus, the economic salvation from having to import everything from manufacturing giants.
Although, the technology is being adopted in all mainstream consumer markets (autos & other product development companies). We further limit our discourse to the niche-market of medicine, where it’s spurred a kind of revolution. Take a look at the news headlines which we’ve compiled here.

“Food and Drug Administration approved a 3D printed face implant that can be customized for individual patients in need of facial-reconstruction surgery.” (CNET)
“Researchers are using 3D printing in order to make more custom-tailored body implants.” (Journal: Nature, Biotechnology)
“Doctors are using 3D printed models for surgical assistance, as in this case of vertebra.” (Mashable.)

The possibilities are truly endless, and the links above are inadequate to sum up just how much medical applications are expanding, and how rapidly, with 3D printing being the game-changing technology.

Read this amazing article: 12 Things We Can 3D Print in Medicine Right Now by Bertalan Meskó, MD, PhD & a medical futurist

Let’s now stir our discussion towards 3D printed prosthetics. Also, recall that we mentioned something called mass production in the beginning of this article. So, how can we achieve it?
According to a professor of Economics at the University of Texas, Daniel S. Hamermesh, the cost of a product has an inverse relationship with the rate of productivity. That is, the price of any product dwindles down for buyers whenever there’s an increased productivity in the manufacturing sector.
Up until now, the cost for upper extremity device (arm) varied from $3,000 to $30,000, which was unaffordable for fiscally less fortunate amputees.

The Big Picture!

Grit 3D, a biotechnology 3D printing startup in Karachi aims to change that scenario. With 3D printing, holding the reins of manufacturing, the prosthetic costs much lesser than that.
Their work has gained quite a momentum recently with a highly motivated team of young individuals and we see every possibility for Grit 3D to achieve the initial goal. That was to increase the affordability of prosthetics, with the functionality improved simultaneously.

3-D Bioprinting – Your Full Guide to Become a Tissue Engineer

A sand tiger shark (Carcharhinus taurus) and other fish species swim inside a tank in Palma Aquarium in the the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca October 20, 2011. REUTERS/Enrique Calvo (SPAIN - Tags: ANIMALS) - RTR2SWX9

“Begin your journey with motivation so you end up an Inspiration.”

Motivation

“If I have seen further than others, it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants,” said Isaac Newton. I came across that quote one day when I was exploring a Calculus textbook, and right then it hit me deep. Much intrigued as I was, I set out to look for the giants of my era, to learn from them. Along this search, I still find many remarkable scientists and inventors who are working tirelessly in shaping the world, reforming it, making our lives better.

One such extraordinary personality is Dr. Anthony Atala, who is a surgeon and researcher. He’s the Chair of the Department of Urology at Wake Forest School of Medicine in North Carolina & the Director of the Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine where he carries out groundbreaking research-and-development work in the field of regenerative medicine.
Prior to my understanding of this, terms like tissue engineering, cells regeneration and organogenesis, were no more than science jargon. (And I assume, same is the case with many of you.)

Another widely cited name in the field is Dr. Gabor Forgacs, who is a theoretical physicist-cum-bioengineer and Founder of Organovo; a company that is most well-known in the industry. Its NovoGen MMX 3-D Bioprinter was named best invention of 2010 by TIME magazine.

The respective noteworthy contributions by these two inspiring individuals laid the foundation of contemporary Tissue Engineering field.

In his TED talk, in 2011, Dr. Atala amazed the world by demonstrating an undeniably-promising future of 3-D bioprinting. That same year, Dr. Forgacs also gave his TEDMED talk leading us to the futuristic applications like Organogenesis.

3-D Bioprinter

1)How does it work?

Widely regarded as novel technology in tissue engineering, 3-D bioprinting functions on somewhat same principles as any ordinary 3-D printer except that scientists may use a patch of your own body cells which after undergoing several chemical and thermal procedures can be scaled and used as ink in bioprinters. If that sounded even a tad bit insane to you, Dr. Forgacs is just the perfect man to show you the science behind. Watch his short yet wonderful demo here at TedMed.

2)Are they commercially available?

Industrially, the 3-D-Bioplotter is our best and safest bet that comes in two versions to match the needs of buyers. The high-end, Manufacturer Edition and a more accessible Developer Edition for academic and research institutions. Its price ranges up to $200,00 +, which shifts us ahead to BioBots, another best alternative. This company sells desktop bioprinters and bioinks in the range of $10,000 and $50; respectively

Who knows, you can design and develop your own bioprinter, maybe?

Deemed 3-D Bioprinting successes

3-D printed pelvic implantation for a teenage girl suffering from a type of bone cancer.
-a 54-year old woman is recovering in Tangdu Hospital in Xi’an, China, after doctors successfully implanted a 3-D printed titanium alloy sternum.
Micro 3D Printing Middle Ear Prostheses for hearing loss sufferers.
-the highly acclaimed Printing a human Kidney- Dr. Anthony Atala.

That was just a preview. The internet is overflowing with medical 3-D printing juicy stories. Taste sometime.

And…

Add to the marvels of 3-D Bioprinter!

Wouldn’t it be amazing if you’d develop skin grafts for burn victims? or perhaps grow cartilage in lab to reconstruct body parts of patients, such as noses and ears. How wonderful it’d be if you’d develop liver, heart or kidney tissue prostheses to replace dysfunctional parts.

Suggesting Reading: Enter a new era of Science & Medicne with 3-D Bioprinting with Stem Cell

Skills you need to Acquire

Remember those professors forcing you to perform practicals in lab classes and how much you hated it. Well, that was for your own greater good. AutoCAD designing is a must-to-have-tool, no matter which engineering discipline you belong to. If you can convert your mental image of a concept into a prototype by 3-D designing, and run simulation. You’ve 1/2-achieved it!

The other half is the evaluation of how well you understand the biomaterial sciences. You must at least have some fundamental know-how of materials and their biocompatible properties. Most bioprinting technologies are syringe-based-extrusions that uses materials including-but-not-limited to hydrogels, hydroxypatite, silicone, titanium & chitosan.

From soft hydrogels, polymers up to hard ceramics and metals, gain in-depth understanding of the world of biomaterials and their interaction with human cells.

If you’re a hardcore biomedical engineer like me, you must be pulling all-nighters on Computational Fluid Dynamics, already. If not yet, then… what are you waiting for? Gear up and deal with Autodesk CFD here.

Challenges to overcome…

With any basic background in biology, certainly you understand that without blood vessels; nutrients, oxygen and wastes cannot diffuse throughout thick tissues, which leads to cell death. This is what they mean when they bring up Vascularization as a challenge in organ 3-D printing. So far, most of the 3-D printed tissues are avascular, hence very thin and unfit to generate large-scale tissues and organs.

Organogenesis isn’t entirely a far-fetched idea. It’s just a matter of time when we’ll achieve our ultimate goal of printing complex organs such as livers and kidneys for complete transplant by creating composite tissues made up of skin, muscle, tendon, nerves, bone and blood vessels.

In one of the interviews, inspirational Dr. Forgacs said these words which I’d like to conclude with:

“Dream, dream, dream! […] We live in a time when it is really difficult to say: “This is impossible!””

Biomedical Engineering Students Project Exhibition (BESPE’15)

BESPE'15 Organized By EMBS

Students demonstrating their Projects.

IEEE EMBS MUET Chapter in collaboration with Department of BME succeeded in achieving a milestone by arranging BESPE’15, a project exhibition and competition for students. The event was all about providing students a chance to showcase their talents by overcoming possible technical hurdles and re-inventing the sense of competition

A spectacular collection of hardware/ software projects were displayed.  The students put in an applaudable effort and via these projects not only did they present new and innovative ideas but also proposed and modelled different practical solutions to many untackled problems in this advanced era.

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The projects were evaluated in terms of perception, presentation, hardware/software and applications by the evaluation team which was led by  Dr. Wajiha Shah chairperson Dept of ES and other well known names of university.

The event was made possible by the untiring efforts of the co-ordinators Engr. Yugal Kishore, Engr. Partab, Engr. Ghulam Dastagir Shah, Salman Abbasi and others.

BESPE'15 Organized By EMBS

Chief guest presenting shield to the winners.

The closing ceremony was held in the Computing Laboratory of Dept of BME. The winners were awarded with shields and certificates and the organizers were awarded with certificates of appreciation.

What the Mother of Innovation Teaches Us

“Nothing in life is to be feared, it is only to be understood,” said Marie Curie, who, amongst us might be just another name we came across while going through some topic on radioactivity. However, in the world of science and technology Marie Curie is regarded as the mother of innovation. She’s one exceptional mother – mother who had to go through a great deal of labor in pursuit of science education. The era and land to which she belonged did not favor her to attain scientific knowledge rather made it more difficult by inducing social and political pressures all around Poland.

Nevertheless, this demure and dauntless lady travailed through nights, shrouded herself in different locations to study and paved her way to an extraordinary future, earning a Master’s degree in Physics, also in Mathematics following out a PhD in Physics.

Her magnificence lies not in the degrees and doctorates associated with her but how she viewed and accepted life as a challenge must to overcome. “Life is not easy for any of us. But what of that?” these were the motivating words of Maria Sklowdowska (Marie Curie). “We must have perseverance and above all confidence in ourselves. We must believe that we’re gifted for something, and that this thing, at whatever cost, must be attained.”

The first to win the Noble prize, the first woman to hold a doctorate from French university, the discoverer of Polonium and Radium (along with husband, Pierre) – the one who served during World War I, Marie Curie remains ever an impressive character and inspiration to me and every women in science and technology. She won the hearts of people not only by her intellectual power but earnestness and humble nature. Her story instills a sense of courage — an attitude of bravery among ambitious women that they don’t have to conform to society’s norms of continuing domestic lives. That women are capable of leading themselves and empowering other women in scientific domains as well.

“There is nothing more wonderful than being a scientist,” she once said. “Nowhere I would rather be than in my lab, staining up my clothes and getting paid to play.”

Her noteworthy contributions in radiology impacted health care sector enormously across the globe. It was the epoch-making discovery of radium by the evangelic Curies (husband wife: Pierre and Marie) that infused ray of hope among helpless and hopeless people as medical world began equipping with groundbreaking technologies. Marie’s immense fight against Cancer continues to this day at Institut Curie, a foundation formed as an extension of Marie’s lab.

“Now is the time to understand more, so that we can fear less” she once said, and it downright reflects through the story of her gallantry that doesn’t end exclusively in laboratory. When the WWI broke out, she offered her services to militia shutting down her foundation and inducted trained technicians to work front lines, women mostly. She was quick to apply her knowledge on radiography and called out for X-ray apparatus to aid wounded soldier in helping doctors diagnose the injuries of bullets and shrapnel and broken bones immediately, affording them instant treatment.

What they say about: “Educating a woman is educating one whole nation” is indeed true. Soon after the remarkable achievements made by this brainy curious lady, many girls developed their interests in science. One such woman was Marguerite Perrey who at the tender age of 19 was recruited as research assistant for Marie Curie at Radium Institute, at which point, she described her first impression of Marie saying that: “Without a sound, someone entered like a shadow. It was a woman dressed entirely in black. She had gray hair, taken up in a bun, and wore thick glasses. She conveyed an impression of extreme frailty and paleness.”

Perrey was deeply influenced by Marie’s brilliance and devotion to work and very much like her she, too, was endowed with phenomenal will power and capabilities that later witnessed in her discovery of Francium. The element Marguerite named after her native land, France.

Spirits were always high, just as passion was keeping along but self-care was a part these people didn’t keep in check at all. As if the burns didn’t hurt Henry Becquerel that he received from the ampul of radium carried in the pocket of his waistcoat. Similar burns were found on Curie’s hands that must have emerged after fiddling with radioactive elements. Not to mention, X-rays widely snatched lives in the wake of 20th century’s new discoveries. People reported hair loss problems, skin-burns and brought up cases of workers who developed cancer in their body tissues. It wasn’t that, they were unaware of the radiation jeopardy or oblivious to the health issues they began facing. They just didn’t allow any of it to become a barrier in their advancement. Hence, death was welcomed and embraced with wide arms opened in all their exuberancy for science.

And, as research work progressed, more and more dreadful news of deaths began hailing from the concerned departments. It turns out, fortune did not favor those audacious souls who in spite of knowing the hazards radiations have on human cells couldn’t protect themselves well enough. And in a matter of time both the mentor and the follower did cost their lives heavily owing to the excessive exposure to radiations. Marie Curie died of leukemia while Marguerite suffered through an awful bone cancer. Both gifted by radiations.

Even their deaths leave me with emotions of love, a kind of romance is felt in their dedication to science. What is awe-inspiring about their science odyssey is the fearlessness to do the right, sheer hard work and the willingness to bring in next milestone even if they’d to make sacrifice in the long run.

And in the end: It is the sacrifices that make our journey meaningful.

There’s something more mesmerizing in Marie’s dignifying personality that renders me in sighs of admiration. Yes! It is the sobriety in her speech. “I was born in Poland,” she summed up her entire life. “I married Pierre Curie, and I have two daughters. I have done my work in France.”

Multitasking hunger neurons also control compulsive behaviors

In the absence of food, neurons that normally control appetite initiate complex, repetitive behaviors seen in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and anorexia nervosa, according to a new study by Yale School of Medicine researchers.

The findings are published in the March 5 online issue of the journal Cell.

Neural circuits are responsible for flexible goal-oriented behaviors. The Yale team investigated how a population of neurons in the hypothalamus that control food intake are also involved in other behaviors. Known as Agrp neurons, these cells also control repetitive, stereotypic behaviors in mice when food is not available, the researchers discovered.

neuroscience2

The team tested the behavior of mice after the Agrp neurons were activated. They found that in the absence of food, mice engaged in repetitive behaviors, such as grooming and marble burying. They further demonstrated that these behaviors were goal-oriented and not related to anxiety.

“These observations unmask the relevance of primitive brain regions previously linked to eating to other complex behaviors,” said lead author Dr. Marcelo Dietrich, assistant professor of comparative medicine and neurobiology and a member of the Yale Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism at Yale School of Medicine. “These findings are relevant to understanding diseases with both homeostatic and compulsive components and highlight the multitasking nature of neurons in the brain.”

According to Dietrich, the data suggests that these primitive brain regions play a crucial role in psychiatric conditions. “The research lays the groundwork for possible clinical trials to address the behavioral aspects of anorexia nervosa and other neuropsychiatric diseases with compulsive behavioral components,” he said.

Other authors on the study include Marcelo R. Zimmer, Jeremy Bober and Tamas L. Horvath.

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, the American Diabetes Association, the Helmholtz Society, The Klarman Foundation and the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation, and a Science Without Borders fellowship from CNPq/Brazil.

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Yale University.

Deaf people will hear by tounge.

Cochlear implants are expensive, invasive and are occasionally unsuitable for elderly patients – so scientists are working on a device which sends small electric shocks to the wearer’s tongue and allows them to ‘hear’ sounds.

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Cochlear implants have had great success in restoring hearing to deaf patients, but the surgery is invasive, expensive and not everyone is a suitable candidate.

Now a team from Colorado State University are working on a device which will allow  simply by touching their tongue against a small Bluetooth-enabled device.

“It’s much simpler than undergoing surgery and we think it will be a lot less expensive than cochlear implants,” said John Williams, associate professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Story Source:

The above story is based on materials provided by Telegraph, Matthew Sparkes.